Nau'ikan da Tsarin Masara

Masara (wanda ake kuma kiran ta da maize) asali daga tsakiyar da kudancin Amurka ce, amma yanzu ana noma ta a ko'ina cikin duniya kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman amfanin gona guda uku na abinci a duniya tare da alkama da shinkafa.

1. Rarraba masara da halayenta

Za a iya rarrabe masara zuwa masarar rawaya da masarar fari. Masarar rawaya tana nufin waɗanda ke da fata mai launin rawaya kuma tana haɗa masarar ja, yayin da masarar fari ke da fata fari kuma wani lokaci tana da fata mai ɗan rawaya ko ɗan ruwan hoda. Bisa ga siffar ƙwaya, tauri da amfani, ana kuma rarrabe masara zuwa masarar dent da masarar flint. Masarar dent tana da ƙwaya mai siffar haƙoran doki, tare da cutin a ɓangarorin biyu na endosperm, kuma tsakiyarta da saman ta duk suna da farinaceous. Game da masarar flint, ƙwayarta yawanci tana da zagaye ko murabba'i gajere, inda endosperm yake kewaye da cutin.

2. Tsarin ƙwayar masara

Goro na masara ya ƙunshi fata, endosperm, ƙwayar masara da hular tushen.

• Goro (ƙashin 'ya'yan itace)

Tsuntsen masara ya ƙunshi tsuntsen waje da layin aleurone.

Ƙarfin hatsi na waje yana da yawan zaren abinci na ƙwaya kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana da wahalar karyewa. Amma da zarar an yi masa danshi, ana iya cire shi cikin sauƙi. Layin aleurone yana tsakanin ƙarfin hatsi na waje da endosperm, kuma yana da yawan sinadaran gina jiki.

• Endosperm

Endosperm shi ne babban ɓangare na hatsin masara kuma ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa nau'i biyu: endosperm na cutin da endosperm na farinaceous. Endosperm na cutin yana da tsarin cike, ƙarfi sosai da bayyananniyar, mai sheki. Ba ya karyewa da sauƙi yayin cire fata, don haka ya dace don yin gari na masara. A akasin haka, endosperm mai farinaceous ba shi da tsari mai ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarancin tauri, don haka yana karyewa da sauƙi yayin cire fata kuma ya dace don yin garin masara.

• Kwayar cuta

Ƙwayar germ tana a tushen hatsi na masara. Saboda juriya da sassaucinta, ba sauƙi a karya ta, kuma ana iya cire ta gaba ɗaya daga cikin hatsi yayin sarrafawa. Adadin mai na iya kaiwa har zuwa 35%–40%.

• murfin tushen (Scutellum, Hypocotyl, Radicle)

Murfin tushen yana kasan kuma yana samar da kashi 0.8%–1.1% na nauyin busasshen hatsi. Ya kamata a cire shi yayin sarrafawa.

• Rabo na nauyin sassa daban-daban na masara